@article { author = {Eskandarian, T. and Joshan, MJ.}, title = {Evaluation of the dmft Index and Its Relationship to Some Factors Consisting the Consumption of Iron Supplementary Drugs in 2-5 Years Old Kindergarden Children in Shiraz}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {6}, number = {Issue 3, 4}, pages = {1-9}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of Problem: Ferrous sulphate derivatives in the form of syrup or drop are administered in children 6 to 24 months old to prevent iron deficiency. Many parents consider dental caries to be caused by consumption of iron and they stop its use. There is need to further studies for better clearance of this subject and the present study aimed in this direction.Purpose: The objective of this research was to evaluate the dmft and the route of using the iron derivatives and its relationship with dental caries. Other related factors were also surveyed.Materials and Method: This cross sectional research was conducted on 280 children (2-5 year old boys and girls). Data collection such as dmft, iron consumption,… was achieved by examination of the children’s primary teeth as well as giving a questionnaire form to their parents. Chi-Square, Spearman and Smirnov tests were used for statistical analysis of the collected data.Results: Among 280 children under study, 247 (88.2%) children had taken iron supplement, 142 took drop and 54 took the syrup and 51 received both forms and 33 (11.8%) had not taken any kind of iron supplement. The latter group was used as the control group. The mean dmft for all the groups was 2.71±3.26 and for the control group was 3.03±2.95, which showed no significant difference between the groups. No statistically significant difference was noticed in relation to the type of infancy nutrition, oral hygiene, children's sex and age, parent's education and length of iron consumption, but a significant relationship was visible with the child’s age and the mother’s educational level.Conclusion: There was no significant difference for the mean of dmft between the two control and iron consumer groups. As a result, prescription of iron derivatives was not effective in prevalence of dental caries in children but only could cause black stains on their teeth surfaces.Key words: Supplementary iron, dmft, Black stains}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41473.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41473_52e1d762ab1476deb78d952269f91269.pdf} } @article { author = {Banakar, Sh. and Keshavarz, Kh.}, title = {An Investigation on Relationship between Prevalence of Dental Caries and Underweight in 6-10 Year Old Children in Gachsaran.}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {6}, number = {Issue 3, 4}, pages = {10-16}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of Problem: Children need good nutrition for growth and development as they are at high risk of being underweight. This is even more important in areas with low socioeconomic status and health care. Previous studies have shown relationship between caries and nutrition.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrition status among school children of Gachsaran and compare the result to prevalence of dental cares.Materials and Method: This is a cross-sectional study. The weight of 250 students aged 6-10 years (125 boys and 125 girls) were measured. Nutritional status of selected children was determined by criteria of weight for age. Then the percentage of dental caries measured by dental examination and the relationship between rate of caries and antirational status were analyzed by Chi-squire test.Results: Being underweight was more common among girls. There was significant association between underweight and father’s employment and higher number of family members (p=0.01). There was not significant relationship between underweight and educational level of parent and mother’s occupation. The percentages of caries were 84.8% in girls and 93.6% in boys. There was not a significant relationship between prevalence of cares and underweight in girls but it was significant in boys (p<0.05).Conclusion: There was not significant relationship between underweight and prevalence of caries among girls but it was significant in boys. It seems that sufficient oral hygiene instruction (OHI), correct nutritional habit and preventive information in this area can play an effective role in prevention of dental caries and underweight prevalenceKey words: Dental Caries, Underweight, Prevalence}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41474.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41474_0b2293bc70a190fbde716b39a877590d.pdf} } @article { author = {Sarir, M. and Zandinezhad, F.}, title = {The Effect of Education on Infection Control Measures in Shiraz Dental Offices (2002-2004)}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {6}, number = {Issue 3, 4}, pages = {17-25}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of Problem: One of the main components of health care evaluation is undertaking of infection control standards in accordance to the newest scientific findings. Lack of information about diseases affects the behavior toward infected people and reduces using of standards. So continous education to use standards and their supervision are necessary and important.Purpose: The objective of the present research was to determine the effect of education on using the standards and attitudes toward infection control standards in dental offices in Shiraz. Materials and Method: To conduct the study, 280 offices (general and specialist) were divided into four groups according to Solomon four groups design. The research had two stages. At the first stage, the first group received education with questionnaire simultaneously. The second group received no education while the third group received only education without questionnaire. The fourth group did not have the first stage. At the second stage with a monthly interval, all the groups received the same questionnaire to determine the differences.Results: Among the offices, 37% had autoclaves. The use of gloves (96.5%) protective eye wear (91%) and masks (%99.3) were reported by the dentists. 97.2% of dentists and 70.9% of nurses were immunized against hepatitis B. 60.8% of offices discarded the used dental needles correctly. 97.4% of offices disinfected the surfaces after treatment of each patient, 57.9% of dentists used sterile ultrasonic scalar and 28% used sterile hand pieces for each patient.Conclusion: Dentists compliance with recommended infection control standards were increased by education, therefore further and continous education is needed.Key words: Dental offices, Infection control standards, Education, Precaution of standards}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41475.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41475_3c78acf687f7c2a71aa02f8a96b6bd67.pdf} } @article { author = {Shahidi, Sh. and Falamaki, M. and Khojastehpour, L. and Haghnegahdar, A.}, title = {Evaluation of the “False Positive Internal Joint Derangement” in Sonography by Using MRI}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {6}, number = {Issue 3, 4}, pages = {26-33}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of Problem: Today, the most precise method for TMJ soft tissue imaging is MRI. But, due to high cost and complexities of this procedure, its application to all patients is neither possible, nor logical. So, many physicians are forced to treat their involved patients in TMJ dysfunction, without complete information about disc situation, based only on the results of clinical exams and evidences of conventional radiography of TMJ hard tissues.Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the high resolution-Ultra sonography (HR-US) in TMJ disc displacement detection. This is done via the evaluation of the “false positive internal joint derangement” in sonography by using MRI.Materials and Method: MRI imaging of 16 TMJs of 10 patients, which in clinical exams were diagnosed as ADD (Anterior Disc Displacement) cases, was confirmed by sonography. The results of sonography compared with those of MRI were tabulated (table 1). The final results presented descriptively.Results: In this study, all cases of ADD diagnosed in sonography, were confirmed by MRI too.Conclusion: HR-US can be used in TMJ diagnosis and treatment planning as a reliable technique for imaging of disc in this joint.Key words: MRI, HR-US, TMJ, Disc, ADD}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41476.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41476_fd30f83eeacf6084ba5ec611d05bc253.pdf} } @article { author = {Salehi, P. and Momeni Danaei, Sh.}, title = {Dento-Skeletal Characteristics of 8-13 Year-old Boys and Girls with Class II Division 1 Malocclusion in Fars Province; a Cephalometric Study}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {6}, number = {Issue 3, 4}, pages = {34-46}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of Problem: The dentoskeletal characteristics of the Class II Division 1 patients dictate their treatment plan and mechanotherapy.Purpose: This study was undertaken to describe the dentofacial characteristics of this type of malocclusion in 8-13 year-old children in Fars Province.Materials and Method: The materials examined included 693 lateral head radiographs comprising two series of 213 films of normal occlusion children and 480 films of Class II Division 1 patients reffered to Orthodontic Department of Shiraz Dental School, taken during the years 2002 to 2004. The controls and the Class II Division 1 subjects were each divided into three groups according to age including 10-11, 12-13 and 14-15 and then divided into two subgroups according to gender. The radiographs were converted into computer-readable X and Y coordinate data and 36 linear and 15 angular measurements in the cranial base, maxilla, mandible and dentition, were provided (based on 35 points) and compared.Results: The statistical analysis showed that the anterior cranial base was larger and more protrusive, with an increase in cranial base angle compared with controls. The mandible was smaller and its form and position was different from controls whereas, the maxilla (at the level of palate and alveolus) and the dentition were protrusive. The palate was inclined superiorly at its anterior half. The vertical maxillary exess and the increase of mid-facial convexity were visible.Conclusion: Various factors ranging from mandibular deficiency to maxillary protrusion with different dental configurations were responsible for the presence of Class II Division 1 malocclusion in our patients.Key words: Class II Division 1, Malocclusion, Dentofacial, Children, Fars Province}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41477.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41477_48b52760c68492404c0d8eaab1401456.pdf} } @article { author = {Safi, L. and Pardis, S. and Khalili, F.}, title = {An in Vitro Evaluation of Root Anatomy, Detection of Apical Foramen and Apical Constriction in Human Mandibular Premolar Teeth}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {6}, number = {Issue 3, 4}, pages = {47-56}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of Problem: Complete knowledge of the morphologic and microscopic anatomy of the dental root apex has been recognized. Internal root canal anatomy especially root apex is variable in human teeth for example lateral canal and ramification may exist.Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the internal anatomy of root apex.Materials and Method: For this investigation, 50 mandibular first premolar and 50 mandibular second premolar were obtained. The age and sex of the patients and reasons for extraction were not recorded. For better recognition of apical foramen and lateral foramen of the teeth, they were placed in methylen blue for 2 hours and then teeth were studied under the stereomicroscope with ×25 magnification lens (the calibration of lens was 0.1mm) and percentage of lateral canal, root deviator and apical foramen exit were detected. Then, to study the internal anatomy, the teeth were grinded and stained with hematoxylin. The mean, standard deviation and standard error for the diameter of constriction and distance from apical foramen were measured. Also, the internal anatomy of the root canal was studied by two observers.Results: The results showed that apical constrictions were always smaller than apical foramen and a distance existed between apical constrictions, apical foramen and vertex. Apical foramen did not exist in center in 80 to 90% of cases. Lateral canals were observed in 28% of mandibular first premolar and in 34% of mandibular second premolar. Also, 90% of first premolar teeth and 88% of second premolar teeth had one canal and 10% of first premolar and 12% of second premolar had two canals.Conclusion: As the mean distance between apical constriction and apical vertex in mandibular first premolars was 0.65mm and in mandibular second premolars was 0.68mm, therefore during root canal treatment and working length determination, this distances should be decreased from tooth length.Key words: Root canal anatomy, Apical foramen, Apical constriction}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41478.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41478_9c199c78b685bd8d8d526011aa6db308.pdf} } @article { author = {Alavi, AA. and Mojiri, P.}, title = {An in Vitro Comparison of 3 Selfetch Adhesives in Dry and Wet Condition on Dentin}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {6}, number = {Issue 3, 4}, pages = {57-64}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statements of Problem: The goal of adhesive dentistry is creation of perfect seal along resin-dentin interface. However, small ions and molecules can permeate the hybrid layer even in the absence of detectable interfacial gap formation. This phenomen is called "Nanoleakage".Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the nanoleakage of 3 selfetch adhesive systems in dry and wet conditions on human dentin.Materials and Method: Seventy-seven intact human premolars were selected and flat occlusal surfaces were prepared. Teeth were divided into 7 groups of 11 teeth and each group was treated according to the following protocol: group 1: clearfil SE Bond in dry condition, group 2: clearfil SE Bond in wet condition, group 3: I Bond SE Bond in dry condition, group 4: I Bond SE Bond in wet condition, group 5: prompt L-pop in dry condition, group 6: propmpt L-pop in wet condition and group 7: scoth Bond Multipurpose (control). In dry condition, the dentin surfaces were air-dried for 10 seconds and in wet condition, dentin surfaces were blot dried. Adhesives and composite resins were bonded to dentin surfaces. After 24 hours, all teeth were stored in 50% AgNo3 solution in darkness for 24 hours. Then the teeth were rinsed and stored in photodeveloper solution under flouresceut for 8 hours. The prepared teeth were embedded in epoxy resin and sectioned as 1 mm diameter. All slabs were polished, gold coated and analyzed by SEM.Results: The mean nanoleakage of the 3 self etch adhesives in dry condition was significantly higher than the wet condition. The mean nanoleakage of 3 self etch adhesives had no significant difference in wet condition. In dry condition, PLP was better than CSEB and IB.Conclusion: Based on this study, it is recommended to dry the dentin, before application of self etch adhesives. The water content of these bonding systems is enough for the release of H+ which is necessary for the activation of acidic monomer. Key words: Nanoleakage, Self etch adhesive, Bonding}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41479.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41479_17c5f27af558fa24125229da7392b659.pdf} } @article { author = {Fattahi, HR. and Pakshir, HR.}, title = {Use of Panoramic Radiographs in Localization of Maxillary Impacted Canines}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {6}, number = {Issue 3, 4}, pages = {65-72}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of Problem: In spite of low prevalence of maxillary canine impaction in population (1%-3%), its occurrence in orthodontic patients is nearly high sometimes reaching 23.5%. The exact determination of impacted canine location is of high importance for better access as well as correct force application.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the impacted maxillary canines location by orthopantomograph using Chaushu’s method in comparison with their real location which were determined by surgical exposure of the teeth.Materials and Method: Sixty eight panoramic radiographs of patients with either unilateral or bilateral maxillary canine impaction were evaluated using Chaushu’s method. The available selected patients (14 males, 54 females) were treated orthodontically by force eruption of canines after surgical exposure. The mean age of the patients was 17 years. The largest mesiodistal width of 82 impacted canines as well as central incisors of the same side and also the contralateral side erupted canines were measured and evaluated using Chanchu’s technique for determining canine-incisor and canine-canine indexes (CII, CCI). Also these ratios were evaluated and compared for different horizontal and vertical positions of impacted canines.Results: The mean of CII for palatally and bucally impacted canines were found to be 1.17 and 1.07 respectively which was statistically significant. Considering their vertical positions, it was revealed that CII was valid only in coronally positioned situation. In case of unilateral impaction, the CCI did not show to be statistically significant for buccal or palatal side. Evaluating the relation of impacted canine crown to the lateral incisor’s root, it was found that the palatally impacted canines were located more mesially than bucally impacted ones.Conclusion: Although panoramic radiography could show the buccal or palatal position of the impacted canines in coronally impaction situations, but due to the effect of their vertical position and also maxillary apical form on the radiographic magnification, use of other complementary radiographs for exact determination of impacted canine location seems to be necessary.Key words: Impacted canine, Panoramic radiography, Localization}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41480.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41480_04da2c578b88fa322a5fd21a20ef5b3d.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghasemi, M. and Razavi, T.}, title = {The Periodontal Condition, Delivery Time and Infant Weight in Pregnant Women Aged 18-35 Years Old Refered to Hedayat and Mahdiyeh Hospitals in Tehran, 2004}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {6}, number = {Issue 3, 4}, pages = {73-81}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of Problem: The previous studies in various populations demonstrated different results for the relationship between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes.Purpose: The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the periodontal condition and pregnancy outcome of pregnant women in two hospitals in Tehran.Materials and Method: 150 pregnant, 18-35 years old women in their 21-24 weeks of gestation participated in this study. Informed consent obtained and general information including age, weight, smoking, educational level, systemic disease, medications and number of previous pregnancies were collected. Periodontal examinations, including plaque index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth and attachment level were recorded. Finally the pregnancy outcome including gestational age and birth weight at delivery time collected and recorded. The rate of premature delivery and low birth weight infants in this study was determined and was considered 95% in the whole population. Chi-Square test was used to determine the correlation between periodontal parameters and premature delivers and low birth weight infants.Results: The incidence of preterm low birth weight was 12.1%, but no significant relationship between the presences or severity of periodontal disease and pregnancy outcome were noticed in this population.Conclusion: Well-designed case-control studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between the periodontal disease and the pregnancy outcome in Iranian population.Key words: Periodontitis, Pregnancy, Preterm birth, Low birth weight}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41481.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41481_5c6f36145d19024b8b5861e88b5b370a.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghavamnasiri, M. and Hosseini, AA. and Akbari, M.}, title = {Effect of Different Light Curing Distances on Degree of Conversion of Multiple Coating of Two Adhesive Systems}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {6}, number = {Issue 3, 4}, pages = {82-90}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of Problem: Degree of conversion (DC) is one of the most considerable factors in polymerization of composite resin. Cytotoxicity and physico mechanical properties of dentin bonding agents (DBA) are greatly depend on the DC.Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the DC of two totals etch dentin adhesives in different layers and different distances of light tip during curing.Materials and Method: Two kinds of dentin adhesive systems were selected including optibond solo plus, filled and single bond, unfilled. The dentin adhesives were applied on polyethylene sheets (5´5 cm). Each group of dentin adhesives was divided into two groups (n=15) based on the number of coating layer (one and four layers). Each group was divided into three groups based on the distance of light tip during curing. (1, 3 and 6 mm) (n=5). Each specimen underwent light curing for 20 seconds. The samples were analyzed with FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) for the amount of double bonds (C=C) and (C=O) before and after curing. The DC was calculated and the data were analyzed by three way ANOVA pair wise comparison   (α=0.05).Results: Mean amount of DC for optibond solo plus (71.6%±1.4%) was higher than single bond (56%±1.5%). There was no significant difference in DC using  one  layer and four layers and  also 1 mm and 3 mm distances of  light tip and  adhesives  but 6 mm distant showed a significantly lower mean amount of DC than 1 mm and 3 mm distances.Conclusion: This in vitro study showed that the degree of conversion in dentin adhesives was related to the composition of these materials. Six mm distance of light lip could decrease the DC while 4 layers of DBA were similar to that one of 1 mm.Key words: Degree of conversion, Adhesive, Light curing}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41482.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41482_ff4cd8a8a9bca3c169e723e99e6879a5.pdf} } @article { author = {Kianimanesh, N. and Abbaszadeh, M.}, title = {Fracture Resistance of Root Canal Treated Maxillary Central Incisors Restored with FRC Post in Extensive Composite Restorations}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {6}, number = {Issue 3, 4}, pages = {91-100}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of problem: Using the post is one of the most important sequences in restoring endodontically treated teeth. It dates back more than 200 years as the most popular method of root canal treated teeth restoration; and still is an acceptable method of increasing retention and resistance in such teeth. When there is enough sound tooth structure, restoring the tooth with adhesive restoration is the best choice. New tooth-colored adhesive posts are compatible with conservative and esthetic technique. But the question still remained: how much of remaining tooth structure is enough to resist the forces, without using the post?Purpose: The purpose of this comparative in vitro study was to determine compressive fracture resistance of crown in endodontically treated maxillary incisor teeth restored with or without adhesive tooth colored post and also in intact teeth.Materials and Method: Thirty extracted maxillary central incisors were selected and allocated to three groups each of ten teeth. Group 1 teeth were kept intact as control. Group 2 were endodontically treated teeth with two approximal class III cavities in the middle one third of incisogingivally that were connected to access cavity, then restored with composite. Group 3 were endodontically treated and prepared teeth, similar to group 2 and received light post DT (RTDTM) and restored with composite. Then, the samples were loaded until fracture was happened in pull test machine. Mean values of forces required for fracture and mode of fracture were recorded.Results: Mean fracture strength in group 1 was 68.67, in group 2, 41.44 and in group 3, 21.45 Kgf. Comparison of fracture resistance with one way ANOVA was statistically significant. Failure mode of group 3 was more repairable than group 2.Conclusion: Fracture strength in teeth resorted with post was less than the other groups. While considering more time and cost in using posts, this study does not recommend it in similar situations.Key words: FRC, Fracture strength, Composite restoration, Maxillary central incisor}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41483.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41483_57aca50c7838fc866f26625757f8154f.pdf} } @article { author = {Mesbahi, M. and Choobini, Sh.}, title = {A Clinical and Radiographic Study of Ferric Sulfate Pulpotomy in Primary Molar Teeth}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {6}, number = {Issue 3, 4}, pages = {101-108}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of problem: Formocresol had been a popular pulpotomy medicament in the primary dentition for the past 60 years. However, concerns had been raised about its potential toxicity and mutagenicity during recent years. So, many alternatives were recommended over the years for formocresol as pulpotomy agents in primary teeth.Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic success rates of ferric sulfate as a pulpotomy agent in pulpotomized primary molars.Materials and Method: 40 primary molar teeth were randomly selected and treated using ferric sulfate (15.5% solution) as the pulpotomy agent. All were treated in one treatment session. Patients were placed on a recall program and were examined clinically and radiographically after 6-12 months follow up period. Any evidences of pain, fistula, swelling, abnormal mobility, furcation radiolucency or pathologic root resorption were considered as criteria for failure of treatment.Results: After 6-12 months observation period, the clinical success rate was 94.8% and the radiographic success rate was 76.9%. The overall success rate for this type of treatment was 76.9%.Conclusion: Since ferric sulfate is a non toxic and easy to manipulate material, after some modifications in treatment technique, it may be recommended as a suitable alternative for formocresol.Key words: Pulpotomy, Primary molar teeth, Ferric sulfate}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41484.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41484_d68eccba809ea78e9454f0282ab7a598.pdf} } @article { author = {Moazami, M. and Kavian, M.}, title = {Evaluation and Comparison of Light Conducting Efficacy of CERANA Prefabricated Inlay with Inlays Made by Bioglass-Ceramic and Dental Porcelain in Increasing the Hardness of Posterior Composites}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {6}, number = {Issue 3, 4}, pages = {109-121}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of Problem: There are many techniques to overcome the light cured composite related problems including the depth, speed or rate and shrinkage patterns of polymerization. Among them, light transmitting and reflecting matrix, light conducting proximal wedges, incremental placement, use of glass-ceramic inserts and transparent cone, and application of different light exposure patterns could be referred.Purpose: The goal of this study is evaluation and comparison of the light conducting ability and efficacy of prefabricated CERANA inlay with those made by dental porcelain and three new formulas of bioglass-ceramic and their effects in increasing the bottom hardness of posterior composite resin restorations.Materials and Method: In this in vitro study, 90 molars were divided into nine groups of ten samples. Cavities similar to the medium size bur of CERANA kit were prepared in all samples. Forty inlays in the medium size and shape of CERANA with Vita 230 VMK dental porcelain and bioglass-ceramic with three new formulas with MOAZ4, MOAZ5, MOAZ6 codes were made. Four control groups including one bulk and incremental with two different light exposure distances ('0.0 mm to the tooth and 4.0 mm to the composite surface) were considered. All cavities in the control group were restored with A3 Colten® compositeand 80 seconds light exposure time for one-bulk negative control and testing groups and 2x40 seconds for incremental positive control groups with Coltolux 2.5®. After epoxy resin embedding and diamond disk cutting, cooled with water and polishing with 1200 grit Sic paper, samples were tested with micro hardness tester from the top to the depth of four, one millimeter far from each other and 50 microns far from and along the inlays and also counterpart points in control groups. The data were tested with ANOVA and Duncan statistical tests. Along this study, dye penetration was done for all groups for statistical results confirmation.Results: Statistical tests showed that tested groups with Vita 230 VMK, MOAZ6 and MOAZ4 inlays had 20%, 19% and 4% increase in a 4.0 mm depth. The group with CERANA inlays had 1% decrease in respect to the surface. The inlays made by MOAZ5 had the highest light conduction rate because they could cause a 41% increase at the deepest points (4.0mm depth). In relation to control groups including (C-0) one bulk 0.0 mm, (C+0) incremental 0.0 mm, (C-4) one-bulk 4.0 mm, (C+4) incremental 4.0 mm, a 2%, 22%, 50% and 21% reduction in hardness at 4.0 mm depth in respect to the surface were noticed respectively. Finally, the dye penetration in control and testing groups could support the microhardness testing.Conclusion: Placement of inlays made by MOAZ5 in composite restorations causes a better light conduction and a higher hardness in deeper points of restoration and with monotone and simultaneous curing in different depths of restoration and a higher polymerization and hardness at the flour of restoration causing higher possibility for elimination or reduction of microleakage.Key words: Hardness, Prefabricated inlays, CERANA, Bioglass}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41485.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41485_c870f3f5b45f2261c0d692b84dd5876a.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahshid, M. and Darabi, R. and Sazegara, H. and Seyyedan, K. and Varshosaz, M. and Ejlali, M. and Nikoobazl, M. and Eslami, B.}, title = {Effect of Different Sprue Designs on the Internal Porosity of Cast Titanium Crowns}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {6}, number = {Issue 3, 4}, pages = {122-134}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of Problem: Porosity is a frequently observed casting defect in titanium dental casting.Purpose: This study measured the effects of different sprue design on the internal porosity of cast titanium crowns. Materials and Method: Sixty complete veneer crowns were fabricated on a stainless steel die with a 150- degree sloping shoulder using customized wax patterns. All wax patterns were sprued with 3 different sprue design (Reservoir, Runner bar and Rousseau) and were invested with an alumina- magnesia investment. Castings were made with commercially pure titanium (CP Ti (grade II)) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The castings were carefully cleaned. Internal porosities were quantified with photographs and radiographs by computerized image analyses. Data were analyzed with an ANOVA with a confidence level of 95%.Results: There were statistically significant differences in the values of porosity between 3 types of sprue design. The reservoir sprue design had the least internal porosity comparing to the other designs.Conclusions: Improvements in the porosity of titanium crowns was the result of the Reservoir sprue design with vent. Effects of Different sprue designs on internal porosity and their effects on casting accuracy and marginal adaptation of cast titanium crown and bridges must be evaluated to achieve better evidence and clinical relevance.Key Words: Titanium, Sprue design, Internal porosity}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41486.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41486_a747aac7f67090e9c37cb204a2f1ff62.pdf} } @article { author = {Nozari, A. and Dehghan, A. and Jaafari, Gh.}, title = {A Review on Physical Restraint Devices and Introduction of a New Type in the Control and Dental Treatment of Handicapped Children}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {6}, number = {Issue 3, 4}, pages = {135-150}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of Problem: Unfortunately, a proportion of children in our country have signs and symptoms of mental or physical retardation caused by different factors such as congenital diseases, psychiatric problems, pregnancy accidents, parents age and intra familial marriages. So, providing dentistry services for this group is usually difficult.Purpose: The aim of this type of physical restraint which is a combination of the previous known devices fabricated in Shiraz Dental School was to control and improve dental treatment for the handicapped children.Description: The different types of physical restraint devices from the simple primitive to the last advanced one were evaluated here and the advantages and disadvantages of each type were reviewed. After fabrication of the physical restraint device which can control the head, body and extremities separately, dental treatment was done for two equal groups of 20 handicapped children by 20 dentists. The first group was treated using the physical restraint and the second group without the device. The result was then compared from the point of view of the parents and the dentists.Conclusion: It can be stated that using physical restraint devices specially the last advanced types can be considered as an effective method in dental treatment of handicapped children. Comfort and positive attitudes of children, parents and finally the dentists are provided as a result of a better control of the children on dental unit chair with fabrication of the new type of the device in Shiraz Dental School. The physical control of the patients would be achieved more effectively and comfortably by this device which was shown clearly in its evaluation too. Key words: Physical restraint, Mental and physical retardation, Parents, Dentists}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41487.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41487_10415f9f4721a9ea6d007a46232978aa.pdf} } @article { author = {Hedayati, Z. and Shahidi, Sh. and Golabinejad, M.}, title = {Evaluation of Degree of Agreement between Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Indicators in lateral Cephalometry and Hand Wrist Radiographs}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {6}, number = {Issue 3, 4}, pages = {151-162}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of Problem: Evaluation of skeletal growth which is necessary in growth modification and orthognathic surgery is usually done by using skeletal maturity indicators of hand and wrist radiographs. The use of growth stages of cervical vertebrae seen in lateral cephalometrics films currently has been suggested to avoid over exposure.Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the degree of agreement between hand and wrist bones developmental stages and cervical vertebral maturation stages.Materials and Method: The subjects of this cross-sectional study consisted 58 females and 61 males ranging from 8 to 17 years old divided into 10 groups. A total of 119 hand, wrist and lateral cephalometry radiographs were obtained and analyzed. The hand and wrist radiographs were evaluated according to the Fishman system, which uses four stages of bone maturation found at six sites located on thumb, third finger, fifth finger and radius. Cervical vertebral maturation was determined from lateral cephalometry radiographs based on a system developed by Hassel and Farman.Results: In all age groups, the skeletal maturity stage in the hand and wrist bones and cervical vertebrae of female subjects were ahead of male subjects. The Kappa test revealed a high degree of agreement between skeletal maturation indicator in hand and wrist bones and cervical vertebrae in all of the samples (d. of a.=0.846, p<0.001), females (d. of a.=0.791, p<0.001) and male (d. of a.=0.892, p<0.0001). The chronological conformity between 2 methods showed a high degree of agreement in all age groups except in 8 and 17 years old ages. The highest chronological agreement was seen in 15 years old age group, although the degree of agreement in 8 years old age group was low and in 17 years old age group was moderate.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, hand and wrist radiographs can be easily replaced by cervical vertebral maturation analysis for evaluation of skeletal developmental stage.Key words: Skeletal age, Hand and wrist radiograph, Cervical vertebral growth}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41488.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41488_19f7152b9221076540cbd1cde04f336f.pdf} }