@article { author = {Sharafeddin, Farahnaz and Choobineh, Mohammad Mehdi}, title = {Assessment of the Shear Bond Strength between Nanofilled Composite Bonded to Glass-ionomer Cement Using Self-etch Adhesive with Different pHs and Total-Etch Adhesive}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of the Problem: In the sandwich technique, the undesirable bond between the composite resin and glass-ionomer cement (GIc) is one of the most important factors which lead to the failure of restoration. Total-etch and self-etch adhesives may improve the bond strength based on their pH.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength between the nanofilled composite resin and GIc using different adhesives.Materials and Method: In this experimental study, 40 specimens (6×6mm) in 4 groups (n=10) were prepared in acrylic mold. Each specimen contained conventional GI ChemFil Superior with a height of 3mm, bonded to Z350 composite resin with a height measured 3mm. In order to bond the composite to the GI, the following adhesives were used, respectively: A: mild Clearfil SE Bond self-etch (pH=2), B: intermediate OptiBond self-etch (pH=1.4), C: strong Adper Prompt L-Pop (pH=1), and D: Adper Single Bond 2 total-etch (pH=7.2). The shear bond strength was measured by using universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were used to analyze the data (p< 0.05).Results: The shear bond strength in group A was significantly higher than group B (p= 0.002), C (p< 0.001), and D (p< 0.001). Moreover, the shear bond strength of groups A and B (self-etch) was significantly different from group D (total-etch) (p< 0.001); and C (self-etch) with D (p= 0.024).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that applying the mild self-etch adhesive between the composite and the GIc results in stronger shear bond strength compared to intermediate and strong self-etch adhesives. Moreover, the self-etch adhesive increased the shear bond strength between composite resin and GIc more significantly than total-etch adhesive.Key Words: Self-etch Adhesive; Total-etch Adhesive; Nanofilled Composite; Shear Bond Strength; Conventional Glass-ionomer Cement }, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41677.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41677_706282eedd8155bf309049596a93e773.pdf} } @article { author = {Shahidi, Shoaleh and Zamiri, Barbad and Momeni Danaei, Shahla and Salehi, Setareh and Hamedani, Shahram}, title = {Evaluation of Anatomic Variations in Maxillary Sinus with the Aid of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in a Population in South of Iran}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {7-15}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of the Problem: Anatomic variations of the maxillary sinus can be detected in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and may assist to locate the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) and define the maxillary sinus morphology more accurately for a more strict surgical treatment plan.Purpose: The study aimed to determine normal variations of the maxillary sinus with the aid of CBCT in a sample population in south of Iran.Materials and Method: This cross-sectional prevalence study was based on evaluation of 198 projection data of CBCT scans of some Iranian patients aged 18-45, referred to a private oral and maxillofacial radiology center in Shiraz from 2011 to 2013. CBCT scans were taken and analyzed with NewTom VGi device and software. The anatomic variations which were evaluated in the axial images included the presence of alveolar pneumatization, anterior pneumatization, exostosis, and hypoplasia. Moreover, the location and height of sinus septa and the location of PSAA were assessed. SPSS software (version 17.0) was used to analyze the data.Results: In a total of 396 examined sinuses, maxillary sinus alveolar pneumatization was the most common anatomic variation detected. Anterior pneumatization was detected in 96 sinuses (24.2%). Antral septa were found in 180 sinuses (45.4%) and were mostly located in the anterior region. Meanwhile, PSAA was mostly detected intra-osseous in 242 sinuses (65.7%).Conclusion: Anatomic variations of the maxillary sinus were common findings in CBCT of the maxilla. Preoperative imaging with CBCT seems to be very helpful for assessing the location of PSAA and the maxillary sinus morphology; Its data might be used to adjust the surgical treatment plan to yield more successful treatments.Key Words: Cone-beam Computed Tomography; Normal Variations; Maxillary Sinus; Antrum; Pneumatization}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41680.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41680_24a3a12393a6a616a8b8a0e6870aed0c.pdf} } @article { author = {Mirhadi, Hossein and Moazzami, Fariborz and Rangani Jahromi, Saeed and Safarzade, Sareh}, title = {The Effects of Alkaline pH on Microleakage of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Calcium Enriched Mixture Apical Plugs}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {16-20}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of the Problem: Alkaline pH can affect the physical and chemical properties and sealing ability of apical plug material. Calcium hydroxide is used in non-vital teeth as an intracanal medication to complete disinfection of root canals. It raises the pH of environment to alkaline value.Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effect of alkaline pH on the sealing ability of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical plugs.Materials and Method: Seventy single-rooted human maxillary anterior teeth were randomly divided to two experimental groups for Angelus MTA and CEM cement (n=30) and two control groups (n=5). Each group was divided into two subgroups of 15 for neutral and alkaline pH, and 1 negative and 1 positive control groups of 5. The root canals were cleaned and shaped by using ProTaper rotary system (Dentsply Maillefer; Ballaigues, Switzerland) and the terminal 3mm of the roots were resected. Then, MTA and CEM cement were condensed in apical region with 3mm thickness. The samples were exposed to two environments with different pH values of 13 and 7.4. The leakage was assessed by using the fluid filtration technique at 1, 7, 14, 30 days intervals. Data were analyzed by the repeated measures MANOVA.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of microleakage between neutral and alkaline pH of CEM cement and MTA (p> 0.05). The sealing ability of MTA in an alkaline pH of 13 was significantly less than CEM cement in this pH (p< 0.05).Conclusion: An environment with alkaline pH had no adverse effect on the sealing ability of MTA and CEM cement used as apical plugs. CEM cement had better sealing ability in alkaline pH.Key Words: Alkaline pH; Apical Plug; Calcium Enriched Mixture Cement; Fluid Filtration; Mineral Trioxide Aggregate; Microleakage; Sealing Ability}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41681.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41681_a90e2299f6c1164c039dcef87cc3bc3f.pdf} } @article { author = {Amirchaghmaghi, Maryam and Hashemy, Seyed Isaac and Alirezaei, Banafsheh and Jahed Keyhani, Fereshteh and Kargozar, Sanaz and Vasigh, Samaneh and Gharaei, Shideh and Pakfetrat, Atessa}, title = {Evaluation of Plasma Isoprostane in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {21-25}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of the Problems: Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species play important roles in pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP). Isoprostanes show oxidative stress and are formed by free-radical mediated lipid peroxidation of arachidonic acid and cell membrane phospholipids.Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the plasma level of 8-isoprostane in patients suffering from erosive and non-erosive forms of OLP.Materials and Method: In this case-control study, 31 patients with OLP and 30 control subjects were enrolled. Plasma samples were obtained and the level of 8-isoprostane was measured with Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in both groups. The data were analyzed by using two-sample t-test, chi-square and ANOVA tests.Results: The results showed significant increase in the plasma level of 8-isoprostane in OLP group compared with the control group. The results of independent t-test revealed no significant correlation between the plasma level of isoprostane and sex, smoking, or previous treatment.Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, oxidative stress was increased in patients with OLP, reflected by higher concentrations of 8-isoprostane in plasma.Key Words: Oral Lichen Planus; Isoprostane; Oxidative Stress}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41682.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41682_add04d51e81a0f5a1ee91f618b6b8d8a.pdf} } @article { author = {Dalili Kajan, Zahra and Khademi, Jalil and Nemati, Somayeh and Niksolat, Elmira}, title = {The Effects of Septal Deviation, Concha Bullosa, and Their Combination on the Depth of Posterior Palatal Arch in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {26-31}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of the Problem: Nasal breathing is the major pattern of air intake. Changes in breathing pattern alter the posture of the head, jaws and tongue that could change pressure on the jaw and teeth and affect their growth.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between septal deviations (SD) per se and in combination with concha bullosa (CB) on maxilla; particularly the depth of palatal arch.Materials and Method: This descriptive-comparative study was performed on 116 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The images were categorized into four groups (n=29) as follows; group 1: SD+CB, group 2: only SD, group 3: neither SD nor CB, and group 4: only CB. In coronal images, deviated septal length (DSL), angle of deviated septal curve (DSCA), palatal arch depth (PAD), palatal interalveolar length (PIL), PAD/PIL ratio, septal vertical length (SVL), maxillopalatal arch angle (MPAA), interjugum distance (IJD), and jugum angle (JA) were measured. The data were statistically analyzed with Tukey's HSD and Chi-square tests.Results: There were statistically significant differences in DSL and DSCA (p= 0.0001) among the four groups. The study groups were not statistically different regarding the IJD, JA, MPAA, PAD/PIL, PAD, PIL, and SVL. However, in group 1, PAD/PIL were significantly correlated with DSCA and DSL (p= 0.037, and p= 0.043, respectively).Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, simultaneous occurrence of SD and CB influenced the depth and curve of the palatal bone. The PAD/PIL ratio was negatively correlated with the DSCA angle. This correlation was associated with a decrease in PAD, indicating that concurrent occurrence of SD and CB remarkably affected the palatal base of maxilla.Key Words: Hard Palate; Nasal Septum; Measurement; Cone  Beam Computed Tomography}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41683.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41683_e847d3f153d04052bbe18d92312ecb80.pdf} } @article { author = {Rahmati, Azadeh and Ghafari, Roshanak and AnjomShoa, Maryam}, title = {Normal Variations of Sphenoid Sinus and the Adjacent Structures Detected in Cone Beam Computed Tomography}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {32-37}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of the Problem: The sphenoid sinus is a common target of paranasal surgery. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is likely to endanger the anatomic variations of vital structures adjacent to the sphenoid sinus.Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the variations of sphenoid sinus and the related structures by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and Method: In this descriptive-analytic study, CBCT images of 103 patients aged above 20-years were selected (206 sides). Degree of pneumatization of sphenoid sinus, pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process, pterygoid process, protrusion of optic canal, vidian canal, and foramen rotundum, as well as prevalence of sinus septa were recorded. Examinations were performed using On-Demand software (Version 1); data were analyzed by using chi-square test.Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between the pterygoid pneumatization and vidian canal protrusion (p< 0.001), and foramen rotundum protrusion (p< 0.001). The optic canal protrusion was found to be significantly associated with the anterior clinoid pneumatization and pterygoid process (p< 0.001). Statistically significant relationship was also observed between the carotid canal protrusion and pterygoid process pneumatization (p< 0.001).Conclusion: The anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinus tend to give rise to a complexity of symptoms and potentially serious complications. This variability necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the regional sphenoid sinus anatomy by a detailed CBCT sinus examination.Key Words: Sphenoid Sinus; Internal Carotid Artery; Optic Nerve;Pneumatization; Cone Beam Computed Tomography}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41684.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41684_03b0b8e7c4dc18455bc1d37edcc9fde4.pdf} } @article { author = {Lavaee, Fatemeh and Majd, Marjan}, title = {Evaluation of the Association between Oral Lichen Planus and Hypothyroidism: a Retrospective Comparative Study}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {38-42}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of the Problem: Oral Lichen planus (OLP) is an autoimmune mucocutaneous disease. There are some reports of thyroid diseases, especially hypothyroidism, to have association with OLP in some studies.Purpose: Based on the controversial results of former studies in other populations about the association of hypothyroidism and OLP, the current study aimed to evaluate this association in a sample of Iranian population.Materials and Method: This retrospective comparative study evaluated 523 patients with OLP referring to the Oral and Maxillofacial Department of Shiraz Dental Faculty as the test group and 523 age- and sex-matched patients as the control group. Those participants with oral lichenoid reactions and other mucosal lesions were excluded. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of OLP and thyroid diseases were estimated by logistic regression adjusted for the matched age and sex.Results: In the test group, 74% (n=387) and in the control group 73.8% of the patients were female (n=386). In the test group, 26% (n=136) and in the control group 26.2% of the samples were male (n=137). A total of 4% of the patients in the control group (n=21) and 6.7% in the case group (n=35) had a history of hypothyroidism. The reported OR for association of thyroid disease and OLP was 1.714 (CI=0.984-2.987).Conclusion: The results of this study showed no significant association between hypothyroidism and OLP in comparison with the age- and sex-matched control group.Key Words: Hypothyroidism; Oral lichen planus; Association; Hashimoto disease;  Levothyroxine     }, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41685.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41685_7b3eca47a8371c2b4b81ab0f691c62c4.pdf} } @article { author = {Deyhimi, Parviz and Khademi, Heidar and Birang, Reza and Akhoondzadeh, Mohammad}, title = {Histological Evaluation of Wound Healing Process after Photodynamic Therapy of Rat Oral Mucosal Ulcer}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {43-48}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of the Problem: When the body defense is compromised, wounds can act as a route for entrance and colonization of microorganisms in the body. Photodynamic therapy with methylene blue is known as a promising antimicrobial modality.Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of this procedure on wound healing processes.Materials and Method: In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were recruited. Experimental wounds were surgically made on their buccal mucosa. Based on the treatment modality, they were divided into 3 groups (n=16) of control (CG), laser (LG), photosensitizer+ laser (PLG) by methylene blue (MB). The treatment procedure in the two latter groups was done in days 1-4 and 6-9. After sacrificing on 2, 4, 7 and 14-day follow-ups, the microscopic grade of healing of the wounds was assigned on each interval according to histological grading criteria.Results: A qualitative result was obtained that showed a healing progression in PLG at day 2 of follow-up. At day 4 of follow-up, no difference was seen in healing stage among the groups. However on day 7 of follow-up, samples of the LG showed a lower degree of healing compared with the other two groups. Likewise, on day 14 of follow- up, both PLG and LG showed lower degree of healing than CG.Conclusion: This study qualitatively showed that MB- mediated photodynamic therapy would have an inhibitory effect on healing process after 14 days of the wound creation.Key Words: Laser; Methylene Blue; Photodynamic Therapy; Wound Healing}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41686.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41686_9fbe3db1ac76edd2d1c0055ee0373edb.pdf} } @article { author = {Rezazadeh, Fahimeh and Moshaverinia, Maryam and Motamedifar, Mohammad and Alyaseri, Montazer}, title = {Assessment of Anti HSV-1 Activity of Aloe Vera Gel Extract: an In Vitro Study}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {49-54}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of the Problem: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is one of the most common and debilitating oral diseases; yet, there is no standard topical treatment to control it. The extract of Aloe vera leaves has been previously reported to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and also antiviral effects. There is no data on anti-Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activity of Aloe vera gel.Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-HSV-1 activity of Aloe vera gel in Vero cell line.Materials and Method: In this study, gel extraction and cytotoxicity of various increasing concentrations of Aloe vera gel (0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5%) was evaluated in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Having been washed with phosphate buffered saline, 50 plaque-forming units (PFU) of HSV-1 was added to each well. After 1 hour of incubation at 37°C, cell monolayers in 24 well plates were exposed to different increasing concentrations of Aloe vera gel. The anti-HSV-1 activity of Aloe vera gel in different concentrations was assessed by plaque reduction assays. Data were analyzed by using One-way ANOVA.Results: The cytotoxicity assay showed that Aloe vera in prearranged concentrations was cell-compatible. The inhibitory effect of various concentrations of Aloe vera was observed one hour after the Vero cell was infected with HSV-1. However, there was no significant difference between two serial concentrations (p> 0.05). One-way ANOVA also revealed no significant difference between the groups. The findings indicated a dose-dependent antiviral effect of Aloe vera.Conclusion: The findings showed significant inhibitory effect of 0.2-5% Aloe vera gel on HSV-1 growth in Vero cell line. Therefore, this gel could be a useful topical treatment for oral HSV-1 infections without any significant toxicity.Key Words: Aloe vera; Herpes Simplex Virus-1; Herbal Medicine; Antiviral; Cell Culture}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41687.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41687_1cfff62a7853be668725bc1326bfb67e.pdf} } @article { author = {Tavangar, Maryam and Tayefeh Davalloo, Reza and Darabi, Farideh and Karambin, Mahsa and Kazemi, Reza}, title = {A Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Two Low-Shrinkage Composites with a Conventional Resin Composite: an In Vitro Assessment}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {55-61}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Statement of the Problem: Polymerization shrinkage stress in composite restorations may lead to microleakage. Clinical methods such as using low-shrinkage composites have been suggested to overcome this problem; however, there are controversies about their efficiency in decreasing the microleakage.Purpose: This in vitro study was conducted to compare the microleakage of two low-shrinkage resin composites with a conventional one.Materials and Method: Fifty class V cavities of 2.5×3×2 mm (depth× length× width) were prepared in the buccal surfaces of intact bovine incisor teeth with the incisal margin on the enamel and gingival margin on the cementum. The teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups. In group 1, Clearfil APX (conventional) with SE Bond was used in 2 layers (Kuraray; Japan). In group 2, GC Kalore (low –shrinkage) with GC UniFil Bond was applied in one layer (GC Company). In group 3, the material of group 2 was applied in two layers. In group 4, FiltekP90 (low –shrinkage) with P90 System adhesive was applied in one layer (3M ESPE). In group 5, the materials of group 4 were applied in two layers. The samples were thermocycled and immersed in 0.5% fuchsin solution for 24h. The restorations were sectioned in buccolingual direction. Then they were evaluated for microleakage by using a stereomicroscope and scored as 0, 1, 2, and 3 and then Kruskal-Wallis test was used (p< 0.05).Results: The groups were not significantly different regarding the microleakage in the coronal and cervical margins (p< 0.423 and p< 0.212, respectively); however, the Filtek P90 yielded the best results. In all groups, except group 5 (p= 0.018), the cervical margins had greater microleakage than the coronal margins.Conclusion: The results suggested that low-shrinkage resin composites may not reduce the marginal microleakage. The proper use of conventional resin composites may offer comparable clinical results.Key Words: Resin Composites; Dental Bonding; Microleakage}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41688.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41688_7abe5284c9bbafe70bd1467e3894165a.pdf} } @article { author = {DA, Roopa and Singh, Shinkhala and Gupta, Ira and Gopal, Saumiya}, title = {Gingival Enlargement in a Case of Variant Jones Syndrome: a Case Report}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {62-66}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Gingival enlargement can be caused by a variety of etiological factors like inflammation, drugs, and systemic diseases or can be presented as a part of a syndrome. One such syndrome is Jones Syndrome, which is associated with gingival enlargement and progressive hearing loss. We present here a case of fifteen-year-old boy with gingival enlargement, hearing loss, and generalized alveolar bone loss and diagnosed as Jones syndrome. The diagnosis was made based on history, clinical, radiographic, and histopathological findings. Gingival enlargement was surgically managed using gingivectomy and no recurrence was observed. The patient showed remarkable esthetical and functional improvement.Key Words: Gingival enlargement; Jones syndrome; Gingivectomy}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41679.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41679_429b2c8b9019137e0a86b90e91b274e6.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghaderi, Faezeh and Rafiee, Azade}, title = {Bilateral Supernumerary Deciduous Maxillary Lateral Incisors with Fusion: Report of a Rare Case}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {67-70}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {}, abstract = {Dental anomaly in number, size and shape might be due to excessive activation of dental lamina during the morpho-differentiation stage. Fusion is one of the most unusual and rare anomalies of shape of the teeth. It frequently involves the supernumerary teeth resulting in a challenging differential diagnosis with gemination. Dental anomalies may result in different problems such as delayed eruption and crowding; thus, early diagnosis is required for effective intervention and proper in-time treatment. The case reported here is a 4-year-old girl with bilateral supernumerary primary maxillary lateral incisors associated with fusion between primary maxillary left lateral incisor and supernumerary lateral tooth.Key Words: Supernumerary Tooth; Deciduous Tooth; Fusion}, keywords = {}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41678.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_41678_f7b477d76a273251cdfd0fd19a921d2a.pdf} }