@article { author = {Tafazoli, Ali and Tafazoli Moghadam, Ehsan}, title = {Camellia Sinensis Mouthwashes in Oral Care: a Systematic Review}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {21}, number = {4}, pages = {249-262}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {10.30476/dentjods.2020.83204.1045}, abstract = {Herbal products are increasingly growing in the oral care market. Some of the related herbal compounds in this field have considerable clinical evidence for use in mouthwashes in their background. Camellia sinensis or tea plant has attracted numerous researchers of dentistry and pharmaceutical sciences, in recent years, for its biologic and medicinal properties. The effects such as anti-septic, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities have made this plant a suitable candidate for preparation of mouthwashes. In this systematic review, we tried to find, evaluate, and categorize the sparse evidence in medical literature about Camellia sinensis mouthwashes. We explored three scientific databases with keywords including tea, dental care, Camellia sinensis, and mouthwashes and found 69 relevant studies including 41 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which are generally proposing anti-microbial, anti-plaque, and analgesic indications for these tea formulations. Considering the main trend in clinical evidence and favorable safety profile, Camellia sinensis products are able to act as antiseptic, anti-plaque, and anti-inflammatory agents and can be used as useful mouthwashes in the future clinical studies and practice.}, keywords = {Camellia sinensis,dental care,Green tea,Mouthwashes,Mouthrinse,Oral hygiene,Tea}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_46644.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_46644_c2d9a8c778ce3959b72f131b9185195b.pdf} } @article { author = {Rathore, Kanupriya}, title = {What Pediatric Dentists Need to Know about Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {21}, number = {4}, pages = {263-274}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {10.30476/dentjods.2020.87278.1249}, abstract = {COVID-19, a viral disease fatal yet preventable is caused by a newly identified β-corona virus. The people most vulnerable to this infection are the ones with a prior history of diseases, low immunity, or either too old or too young (particularly children and infants). In the context of the virus’s impact on the pediatric age groups, this article highlights some of the challenges and guidelines on managing it. Pediatric groups, like everyone else, are highly vulnerable to the infection by COVID-19. The lower number of pediatric patients involved at the beginning of a pandemic does not necessarily mean that children are less vulnerable to the infection. However, the good news is that the disease usually has a mild course and appropriate prevention and oral health management in children can help to keep it at bay. Adherence to simple compliance and safety protocols can go a long way. For instance, in the course of some of the procedures performed by a pediatric dentist, there may be a risk of aerosols being generated, which in turn can lead to cross-infection making the patient vulnerable to contracting COVID-19. In such a situation, parents are advised to take good home-based care and take telemedicine consultation immediately. This article lays a concrete emphasis on reviewing the limited published literature that is specific to the pediatric population regarding epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment modalities of COVID-19. It analyzes the potential risk from COVID-19 associated with pediatric dental treatment. In addition, it presents a series of considerations on potential oral prevention strategies on the management of urgent and non-urgent dental procedures in a context of disease transference control. This literature review also gives an insight for the private practitioner to have healthier management in the pediatric fraternity during this highly contagious COVID-19 pandemic.}, keywords = {children,coronavirus,COVID-19,dentistry,Pediatric dentistry}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_46881.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_46881_ac8a926f7f9dc0d9b6231fce1232cab0.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahrari, Fateme and Keshavarzi, Farshad and Bijani, Ali and Jenabian, Niloofar}, title = {Efficacy of Application of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors Along With the Tunnel Technique for Treatment of Gingival Recession: a Clinical Trial}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {21}, number = {4}, pages = {275-283}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {10.30476/dentjods.2020.83590.1052}, abstract = {Statement of the Problem: The tunnel technique has shown promising results in treatment of gingival recession. Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) is considered effective for soft tissue regeneration since it is a rich source of growth factors. Purpose: This clinical trial aimed to assess the efficacy of PRGF along with the tunnel technique and connective tissue graft for treatment of gingival recession. Materials and Method: In this controlled clinical trial, 20 areas around anterior and posterior teeth in 3 patients with gingival recession were bilaterally selected. The tunnel technique was used with and without PRGF in the test and control groups, respectively (10 areas in each group). The keratinized gingival width (KGW), clinical attachment level (CAL), clinical probing depth (PD), cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to mucogingival junction (MGJ) distance, and the esthetic visual analog scale (EVAS) score were evaluated preoperatively and at 6 weeks and 3 months, postoperatively. The gingival recession width (RW) and vertical recession depth (VRD) were assessed preoperatively and at 2 weeks and 3 months, postoperatively. The pain visual analog scale (PVAS) score was measured at 1, 3 and 7 days, post-treatment and the healing index (HI) was measured at 1, 3 and 7 days and 1 month, postoperatively. The root coverage percentage was assessed during 3 months. Paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. p Value< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Significant improvements were noted in all tested parameters in both groups (p < 0.05). The mean root coverage percentage after 6 months was 88.68% ± 20.69% and 78.77% ± 24.94% in the test and control groups, respectively. None of the tested parameters were significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Treatment of gingival recession with the tunnel technique can yield favorable clinical outcome, irrespective of the use/no use of PRGF.}, keywords = {Tunnel technique,platelet rich in growth factors,gingival recession}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_46239.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_46239_fe78a0dfce06056ec9d51d92e020be92.pdf} } @article { author = {Sahebalam, Rasoul and Rafieinezhad, Reihane and Boskabady, Marzie}, title = {Comparison of the Efficacy of Jilo Animation Approach versus Conventional Tell-Show-Do (TSD) Technique on Cooperation and Anxiety Levels of Children during Dental Practice: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {21}, number = {4}, pages = {284-291}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {10.30476/dentjods.2020.81897.1001}, abstract = {Statement of the Problem: Modeling is one of the non-pharmacological approaches to manage anxiety behavior and encourage children’s cooperation in dentistry. This method is based on social learning theory in which the children learn the skills of overcoming anxiety and adapting their skills and behaviors during dental treatment. Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an animated-movie modeling approach, named Jilo, on cooperation and anxiety of children in comparison with the conventional Tell-Show-Do (TSD) method in a dental setting. Materials and Method:In this randomized controlled trial, 50 healthy children (aged 4-6) with no history of dental treatment were recruited and randomly allocated to experimental (n= 24) and control (n= 24) groups. During the first visit, the experimental group watched the Jilo animated movie. After a 30-minute break, they received prophylaxis followed by fluoride therapy. The control group received the conventional TSD technique and then underwent prophylaxis and fluoride therapy. One week later, a dental restoration, which required mandibular nerve block anesthesia, was performed for both groups. The cooperation and anxiety levels of patients were evaluated during two visits using Venham Clinical Cooperation Scale (VCCS) and Venham Clinical Anxiety Scale (VCAS). Results:The mean VCAS in the experimental group was significantly lower compared to the control group during the first and second visits (p = 0.008 and p = 0.044, respectively). The mean VCCS was also significantly lower in the experimental group during the first (p = 0.015) and second visits (p = 0.019) compared to the control group. Conclusion:The application of animated-movie modeling (Jilo) can be recommended as an effective method for preparation of children before the dental treatment session.}, keywords = {Animated Modeling,Anxiety,Cooperation,children,dentistry}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_47069.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_47069_1e201564d61cb7c333ba4afb8c5cd335.pdf} } @article { author = {Soltani, Raheleh and Sharifirad, Gholamreza and Mahaki, Behzad and Eslami, Ahmad Ali}, title = {The Effect of Oral Health Educational Intervention Program among Mothers of Children aged 1-6, Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {21}, number = {4}, pages = {292-299}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {10.30476/dentjods.2020.81811.0}, abstract = {Statement of the Problem: Oral self- care is an important aspect of lifestyle and a serious public health issue.  Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational program based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on the mothers and children’s oral self-care behaviors. Materials and Method: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 148 mothers and their children (1–6 years) who referred to the health centers of Tabriz, Iran ; divided into two groups of intervention (n=74) and control (n=74). Data were collected through a questionnaire that included demographic characteristics, oral self-care behaviors, and structures of TPB. Both groups completed questionnaires before, immediately, 3 and 6 months after the intervention. The experimental group received three educational sessions, each session held for 120 minutes. The educational methods such as lectures, group discussion, and demonstrations were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS (ver18) software and Chi-square, Independent samples t-test and repeated measure ANOVA at the significant level of < 0.05. Results: Before the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences between both groups in oral self –care behaviors and structures of TPB (p > 0.05). Immediately, 3 and 6 months after the intervention the mean scores of oral self-care behavior presented a significant increase in both mothers and their children in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Six months after the intervention, brushing children’s teeth twice a day increased significantly from 8.1% (6/74) to 55.4% (41/74) in the experimental group (p < 0.001). At immediately, 3, and 6 months after the intervention, the mean scores of mothers’ attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and intention towards the children’s oral health were significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.001).   Conclusion: According to the results of this study, intervention based on the theory of planned behavior promotes the oral self-care behavior both in mothers and in their children.}, keywords = {Oral health,Theory of planned behavior,Educational intervention,Self- Care,Child,Mothers,dental caries,Health education}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_46609.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_46609_0b1dbf77c39bbcb8a91cf721bc0e39ca.pdf} } @article { author = {Eskandarinezhad, Mahsa and Ghodrati, Mostafa and Pournaghi Azar, Fateme and Jafari, Farnaz and Samadi Pakchin, Parvin and Abdollahi, Amir Ardalan and Sadrhaghighi, Amirhouman and Reazvan, Forouzan}, title = {Effect of Incorporating Hydroxyapatite and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the Compressive Strength of White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {21}, number = {4}, pages = {300-306}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {10.30476/dentjods.2020.82963.1034}, abstract = {Statement of the Problem: Many efforts have been made to improve the properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), including the incorporation of nanoparticles. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the incorporation of zinc oxide and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the compressive strength of white MTA (WMTA). Materials and Method: In this in vitro study, the following materials were evaluated: MTA, MTA+5% zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, MTA+10% zinc oxide nanoparticles, MTA+5% hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles, MTA+10% zinc oxide nanoparticles. The compressive strength of the groups under investigation was measured on days 4 and 21 after mixing the MTA using a universal testing machine. Two-way ANOVA test was used to compare the groups and determine the significance of the effect of time and material on the compressive strength (p <0.05). Results: The highest and lowest compressive strength values were respectively measured for the second group, MTA/21 days, and the fourth group, MTA+Nano ZnO/4 days. Two-way ANOVA indicated that incorporation of zinc oxide and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into MTA did not have a significant effect on compressive strength (p = 0.05). Compressive strength in all the groups increased over time from day 4 to day 21. However, this increase was not statistically significant (p = 0.06) except for the MTA group, which exhibited significant increase in compressive strength over time from day 4 to day 21 (p =0.007). Conclusion: Incorporation of HA and ZnO nanoparticles into MTA had no detrimental effects on its strength and these nanoparticles can be used to improve the other properties of MTA.}, keywords = {Compressive strength,Hydroxyapatite,Mineral Trioxide Aggregate,Zinc oxide,Nanoparticles}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_46610.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_46610_7ba9bd5ae781ec34e50c6e7397df8efd.pdf} } @article { author = {Javidi, Maryam and Zareei, Mina and Ashrafpour, Ehsan and Gharechahi, Maryam and Bagheri, Hossein}, title = {Post-treatment Flare-up Incidence after Using Nano Zinc Oxide Eugenol Sealer in Mandibular First Molars with Irreversible Pulpitis}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {21}, number = {4}, pages = {307-313}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {10.30476/dentjods.2020.83231.1041}, abstract = {Statement of the Problem: Some patients may report moderate-to-severe pain and/or swelling following root canal treatment that is undesirable for both the patient and dentist and may requires an unscheduled emergency visit by patients to relieve the symptoms. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-treatment flare-up incidence following application of nano zinc oxide-eugenol (NZOE) sealer in mandibular first molars with irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Method: This single-blinded study was performed on 60 patients having mandibular first molars with irreversible pulpitis. After signing the written consent form, the patients were randomly divided into two groups considering their age range (20-34 and 35-50 years). Individuals without systemic diseases and with a first mandibular molar diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis due to caries, no sinus track and abscess, normal periapical radiographic appearance, no spontaneous pre-treatment pain, not having taken any medication for at least 8 h before the treatment visit were included in this study. Patients of both sexes ranging from 20 to 50 years of age were selected.  In order to obturate the root canal space, AH26 sealer was used in the one group and synthesized NZOE was applied in another group. The patients were then given questionnaires to report the severity of pain and presence of swelling during 6, 18, 24 and 48 hours of follow-up. The data was analyzed using SPSS v.19 software applying repeated measures ANOVA. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The severity of pain was significantly lower in NZOE group at 24 hours post-treatment (p = 0.003) Patients reported no symptoms of swelling in any group. Conclusion: NZOE sealer manifested satisfactory results and could be regarded as a promising substitute to routine sealers due to the fact that patients may experience less pain during the first hours after receiving root canal therapy.}, keywords = {Flare-up,Nano sealer,AH-26 Sealer}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_46615.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_46615_ac3d1ed779bc92f575396e2427dc9db8.pdf} } @article { author = {Tanideh, Nader and Ghafari, Vajihe and Ebrahimi, Reyhaneh and Habibagahi, Raha and Koohi-Hosseinabadi, Omid and Iraji, Aida}, title = {Effects of Calendula Officinalis and Hypericum Perforatum on Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Histopathology Indices of Induced Periodontitis in Male Rats}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {21}, number = {4}, pages = {314-321}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {10.30476/dentjods.2020.83660.1056}, abstract = {Statement of the Problem: Periodontitis is one of the most common bacterial infections of the oral cavity. It is important to find adjunctive methods to chemical treatment of periodontitis with less complications and proven therapeutic properties. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Calendula officinalis and Hypericum perforatum on antioxidant, antiinflammatory and histopathologic indices of induced periodontitis in male rats. Materials and Method: In this experimental animal study forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10) and then experimental periodontitis was induced by 3-0 nylon non-absorbable ligature. Each group was treated for 10 days as follows: 1) H. perforatum hydroalcoholic extract, 1000 mg/kg/daily, orally; 2) C. officinalis hydroalcoholic extract, 1000 mg/kg/daily, orally; 3) a mix of the two plants, 1000 mg/kg/daily, orally; 4) normal saline solution. At the end of study, blood sample were obtained via cardiocentesis and the rats were euthanized and their maxillae were removed. The samples were analyzed for histopathological scores, total antioxidant capacity and IL-1β were measured. Results: Mixed hydroalchoholic extract of H. perforatum and C. officinalis decreased IL-1β (4.3020±0.63), and increased the antioxidant parameter in comparison to the control group (3.1192±0.43) (p < 0.001). There were significant histopathological differences between the treatment groups and the control group. Conclusion: Mixed hydroalchoholic extract of H. perforatum and C. officinalis might be considered as an adjunctive treatment for periodontitis.}, keywords = {Calendula officinalis,Hypericum perforatum,Periodontitis,Rats}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_46630.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_46630_bc18b226fbc71c4b645e870995773832.pdf} } @article { author = {Novin Rooz, Maryam and Yousefi Jordehi, Atefeh}, title = {Effect of Shade and Thickness on the Depth of Cure of Bulk-Fill Composites with Different Viscosities}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {21}, number = {4}, pages = {322-329}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {10.30476/dentjods.2020.83927.1061}, abstract = {Statement of the Problem: In an attempt to fasten and simplify the restoration process, a new class of composite resins, called the bulk fill composite resins have been introduced, which has been claimed to achieve a depth of cure (DOC) of 4 mm without affecting the properties of the material. Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different shades, thicknesses and viscosities on the DOC of bulk-fill composites. Materials and Method: Four bulk-fill composites [FiltekTMBulkfill Flowable (FBF), FiltekTM Bulkfill posterior (FBP), Tetric N-Flow bulkfill(TNF), Tetric N-Ceram bulkfill(TNC)] and a conventional composite, FiltekTM Z250XT Universal (FZ) were evaluated. samples (n=5) were made using two different shades( light and dark), thicknesses (2 and 4mm) and viscosities (flowable and sculptable). Microhardness was conducted on top and bottom surface using Vickers microhardness tester and DOC calculated as the bottom/top ratio. Statistical analysis was done using a mannwhitney test at p < 0.05. Results: DOC ranged between 52-95%. FBF composite exhibited the lowest overall hardness numbers. At 2-mm thickness, all the samples achieved an appropriate DOC. However, at 4-mm thickness, only the light shades for FBF and TNF samples achieved a DOC very close to 0.8. At 4-mm thickness, the light shades for FBF, TNF and FZ samples exhibited significantly higher DOC compared to dark shades. For 4-mm-thick samples, DOC of FB )dark and light shades (and DOC of TN (light shade( were different in the flowable type from the sculptable type. Conclusion: Shade and viscosity influence DOC of bulk-fill composites at 4-mm depths. For bulk-fill composites, 20s light curing appears insufficient for 4mm bulk-fill placement.}, keywords = {Bulk-fill composites,Microhardness,thickness,Depth of cure,Shade}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_46649.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_46649_ca7c222b92cf31b34c50bbf8828b9393.pdf} } @article { author = {Mardani, Maryam and Torabi Ardakani, Shiva and Dastgheib, Ladan and Hamidizadeh, Nasrin}, title = {Serum Levels of IL-22 in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus and Cutaneous Lichen Planus}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {21}, number = {4}, pages = {330-334}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {10.30476/dentjods.2020.84667.1096}, abstract = {Statement of the Problem: Lichen planus disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of mucosal and cutaneous tissues, which its etiology and pathogenesis are unclear. Cytokines play an important role in the initiation, maintenance of inflammatory and intercellular cross-talk. Purpose: We assessed serum levels of IL-22 in patients with oral and cutaneous lichen planus and made comparison with healthy individuals. Materials and Method: Peripheral blood samples of 40 patients with lichen planus disease, included two groups of oral lichen planus (n=20) and cutaneous lichen planus (n=20) were compared with 32 healthy individuals. Serum samples were prepared from LP patients, using a commercial ELISA Kit, IL-22 concentration was measured in each serum sample. The obtained data were then analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. Results: IL-22 serums level was significantly higher in patients with oral lichen planus than the healthy control group (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed in serum levels of IL-22 in cutaneous lichen planus patients compared to the controls (p = 0.183). Conclusion: Increased IL-22 serum levels in patients with oral lichen planus may play an important role in the pathogenesis of oral Lichen planus. The administration of the recombinant or antagonist of IL-22 could be a new therapeutic opportunity in the treatment of oral lichen planus.}, keywords = {IL-22,Oral lichen planus,Cutaneous lichen planus,serum}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_46238.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_46238_a1a9ed1ad147ac8fc934a460e022de24.pdf} } @article { author = {Torabi, Molook and Karimi Afshar, Mehrnaz and Barati, Hoda}, title = {Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome: a Case Report of the Classic Triad}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {21}, number = {4}, pages = {335-337}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {10.30476/dentjods.2019.77804.}, abstract = {Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a rare neurological condition that includes a triad of symptoms: recurring facial paralysis, orofacial swelling and fissured tongue. The diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome is difficult, because the classic triad is rarely possible to see in its complete form. The etiology of MRS is unknown, but it is thought to be caused by various factors such as infections, genetic predisposition, immune deficiency, food intolerance and stress. This case report presents a 22 years old male patient with classical triad of MRS.}, keywords = {Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome,Case report,Classic type}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_45529.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_45529_0d4197d06bc5a840368d52409847e145.pdf} } @article { author = {Horri, Azadeh and Danesh, Masume and Hashemipour, Maryam}, title = {Childhood Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; a Rare Multisystem Disorder: Case Report of a 3-Year- Old Girl in Related Oral Involvement as a Primary Sign}, journal = {Journal of Dentistry}, volume = {21}, number = {4}, pages = {338-342}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6485}, eissn = {2345-6418}, doi = {10.30476/dentjods.2019.77699.0}, abstract = {Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is a severe, chronic, multi-organ and systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammatory and autoimmune reaction in several organs. The occurrence of SLE in children is very rare. About 20% of all SLE cases are diagnosed during the first 2 decades of life and the disease is extremely rare before age of 5 years. In this case report, we explore a 3-years-old girl with SLE that symptoms like Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis. Early diagnosis lead to proper treatment of the disease and it is important to decrease oral complications in children. Diagnosis could be improved by introduce new cases to provide valuable information for dentists based on diagnostic criteria, therapeutic steps and complication of treatment of SLE in Children. Therefore, it could be concluded that dentists involved in pediatric dentistry should consider and work out on the clinical signs of SLE in children with history of oral herpesvirus infection.}, keywords = {Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE),Herpetic gingivostomatitis,Autoimmune disorder}, url = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_45556.html}, eprint = {https://dentjods.sums.ac.ir/article_45556_f6b222f3cc3e9d20dca4495b7903ec1c.pdf} }