Journal of Dentistry

Activity of Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Based Torch Ginger Flower Extract Nanoparticles on Biofilm Degradation in Oral Cavity

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Haris Budi Widodo 1
Meylida Ichsyani 1
Tuti Sri Suhesti 2
Maulina Triani 3
Mutia Rochmawati 4
Putri Ayu Nuryana 1
Yerima Dian Prastiwi 1
Ariella Bernadine Erwina 1

1 Dept. of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia.

2 Dept. of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia.

3 Dept. of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia.

4 Dept. of Periodontology School Dental Medicine Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia.

10.30476/dentjods.2026.108132.2789
Abstract
Background: An imbalance in the oral cavity's microbial biofilm can lead to dental caries and periodontitis. Torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) possesses antibiofilm properties that may be enhanced through nanoparticle formulation using carboxymethyl chitosan.
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the biofilm degradation activity of torch ginger flower extract nanoparticles formulated with carboxymethyl chitosan against oral pathogenic bacteria.
Materials and Method: The experiment was conducted from December 2024 – March 2025 at the Faculty of Medicine, Jenderal Soedirman University. An in vitro laboratory study was conducted with five treatment groups: torch ginger extract nanoparticles at concentrations of 15, 25, and 35mg/mL; a positive control (0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate); and a nanoparticle formulation without extract (formulation control). Biofilm degradation was assessed using the microtiter plate assay method with 1% crystal violet staining. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by LSD post hoc test.
Results: All nanoparticle concentrations exhibited significant biofilm degradation activity (p< 0.05) against Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The 15mg/mL concentration showed equivalent effectiveness to 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate against Streptococcus sanguinis; 25mg/mL against Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis; and 35mg/mL against Streptococcus mitis and Prevotella intermedia.
Conclusion: Torch ginger flower extract nanoparticles based on carboxymethyl chitosan are effective in degrading oral bacterial biofilms and demonstrate potential as a natural alternative for plaque control.

Keywords

Biofilm
Carboxymethyl chitosan
Degradation
Etlingera elatior
Nanoparticles
Journal of Dentistry

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 21 February 2026

  • Receive Date 13 August 2025
  • Revise Date 29 December 2025
  • Accept Date 21 February 2026
  • First Publish Date 21 February 2026
  • Publish Date 21 February 2026

Home

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Guide for Reviewers

Contact Us